Waste Collection door-to-door and closed areas

Countries

Spain

Policy areas

Organisation name Consell Comarcal del Bergueda

Contact person: Ramon Sola

rsola@ccbergueda.cat

How can we create a real change in our county? This is the very question and the reason to be for the public institutions. In this case the question posed is: what can we do to improve our environmental policies and create a real change?

The solution to this question was and is a new model of waste collection, door-to-door and via closed areas. In simple words, the idea of the project is about changing the idea of recycling by making the selective waste collection process start in people’s houses, optimising the process and reducing the waste produced. This project was not simple as changing the collection schedule or installing new places to throw the waste away. This was about modifying the established pattern of recycling and restructuring it to a new one. It may be an experiment that leads to social and environmental change.

Door-to-door waste collection is the result of many months of work, collaborating with all the stakeholders in the county; the citizenship, and public and private sectors. Also, it is clear example of how a public initiative can become a positive change in the day-to-day life of any citizen, whether they live in the county or not. It is true that the idea came from the public institutions, but the real work needed to ‘start the engine’ had to be done by the citizenship.

The residents were and still are playing a key role in ensuring the new system works, because they are the ones who have to separate the different kinds of waste in their houses. Another relevant stakeholder in the project is the companies working in waste collection representing the private sector. They have to collect all the urban waste produced by the citizens and follow strict rules about how to deal with it properly, trying to optimise the resources, to adapt the needs to each municipality. Finally, the public sector has the job of controlling the functioning, plus innovation, analysing how it has been implemented, what is really happening and overall, what the future will be.

In this case, the future points to keep doing the job, while searching for new goals, technology and ways of improving waste management in the region. Reducing the waste tax to people who generate less and separate waste a better way seems to be coming in the near future. It is very important not to understand this project as a solo initiative; this project is, and must be, a starting point to keep implementing environmental policies in the county. This should accomplish the Catalan, Spanish and European environmental objectives and provide other regions or countries with a tested experience, which can be implemented or adapted to other regions.

The first step before carrying out this project was the realisation of a study of the most relevant characteristics of the territory – the geography, population and socio-economic features. The new environmental perspectives and sustainability objectives marked by the European regulations, and transposed to state and local regulations, were also analysed. Following this territorial and regulatory analysis, a waste collection model adapted in one of the regions was designed to improve the current waste collection system, and at the same time, to allow the achievement of the goals set at European level and by the Waste Agency of Catalonia.

One of the determining factors at the time to define the type of collection (door-to-door or collection in closed areas with access control) in each municipality has been the population and urban typology analysis. In addition, all the economic activities in the municipalities have been counted and their waste generation capacity has been evaluated, to determine how they should participate in the new collection model. Once this diagnosis was carried out the Regional Council of Berguedà was able to observe the reality of the region, a work plan was launched. This was to apply in the best possible way the system of selective collection Porta a Porta (PaP) and the collection in closed areas.

With the data obtained in the analysis of the territory and the detailed study of the economic activities of Berguedà, a feasibility study was performed on the implementation of the door-to-door collection model in the region. The data were analysed vigorously, considering the great impact that this new project would have, which would be a great paradigm shift where citizens and companies would actively participate. By the time of choosing the collection model, the effectiveness of the different models in the whole Catalan territory had been considered. Finally, it was decided to opt for the door-to-door collection system, together with the system of closed areas, considering they were the ones that had a better result at the Catalan level (therefore they help to fulfil the European, Spanish and Catalan objectives) and adapt better to the territory. A door-to-door system has been applied to the urban centres of the municipalities with more than 500 inhabitants.

The system implanted not only creates more sustainable habits, but also needs to be sustainable itself. For example, the recycling areas that need electricity to open and close the door, plus the system that compiles information, are powered by a solar panel, installed above the area. The materials used in the areas are more sustainable, and less polluting in their process of procurement. Most materials used come from local enterprises, to reduce the pollution generated from transport. Among the changes implemented there has been a reorganisation, in terms of collecting the waste produced. Before, each municipality had its own waste trucks service; now most of them share the same waste truck so the pollution is reduced, by having a more efficient strategy.

The project was adapted to both rural areas (municipalities below 500 inhabitants) and urban areas (municipalities above 500 inhabitants). It has been tested in two different situations, and the result has been extremely positive. This clearly shows the capacity to adapt to different urban or rural realities. This model is a generic one, adapted to the county’s needs. The generic base of the project easily permits the adaptation of this project to other county or regional needs. Consequently, the model used is proved to be valid.

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