Paid in Waste

Countries

Portugal

Policy areas

Organisation name Campolide Parish Council

Contact person: Sara Loubser

Sara.Loubser@jf-campolide.pt

‘Paid in Waste’ is part of the Campolide Parish Council’s strategy to drive local sustainable development. The project was conceived in September 2016 as a way of incentivising residents to adopt positive patterns of behaviour in dealing with household rubbish, energising the local economy and strengthening community relations.

To achieve these goals, the Campolide Parish Council has created a local currency denominated in Lixo (waste), which is handed out to residents in exchange for their previously separated household waste (including paper, glass, plastic and recyclable batteries). The currency can be spent at the approximately 70 participating local businesses, including grocery shops, pharmacies, coffee shops, butchers and bakeries, therefore prompting consumers to invest in the local economy. A local central bank –Campolide Central Bank – was set up by the Parish Council to issue and exchange the local currency. Each unit of the local currency is worth one unit of the currency in circulation in Portugal, the euro. Businesses accepting payments in Lixo can also spend it locally or exchange it later for euros at the Campolide Central Bank.

Recognising that local authorities have an important role to play, the Campolide Parish Council has implemented the project Pago em Lixo as an integrated strategy to address three crucial dimensions in improving the quality of life in the community: awareness about the natural environment and waste issues, thriving local economy and active citizen participation.

Pago em Lixo was designed to raise awareness about the environment and the importance of adopting recycling habits. Its appealing features and fresh image are intended to attract residents’ attention, allowing the Parish Council to mitigate knowledge gaps and misconceptions about recycling, which are two of the main barriers to adopting sustainable lifestyles. In seeking to understand how the project works, residents receive information about which materials can and cannot be recycled, how and where to recycle, and the significance of adopting such habits. Interestingly, the project has provoked much media attention. This surge of interest enabled the Campolide Parish Council to explore media platforms to push environmental and recycling issues on the public agenda at the national level. Apart from raising awareness, the project aims to modify people’s outlook and behaviours about waste management. Introducing a local currency to reward residents for recycling is intended to incentivise people to form good, lasting habits and transfer them to their workplaces and the public space.

The introduction of the local currency is also intended to boost the local economy. The amount received in exchange for the separated waste, which is limited to 20 Lixo per exchange, can be spent exclusively in the participating local businesses, therefore retaining the investment in the community. This scheme encourages people to spend locally, contributing to forging new relationships that benefit both the community and the environment.

Finally, Pago em Lixo is a tool for bringing the public administration and the public closer by implicating the latter in the design and implementation of solutions. The project prompts participation, and its success depends on it – a local economic crisis is a powerful motivator for communities to act in a co-operative fashion. Knowing that their participation contributes positively to the community increases social cohesion and strengthens the sense of belonging within the community, making it a healthier, more democratic and more resilient community.

Pago em Lixo was launched in September 2016. From the outset of the project, a mixture of quantitative and qualitative instruments has been applied to monitor the project’s performance and assess its direct and indirect impact especially during its first year of implementation. As the first experience with complementary local currencies in Portugal, this project will provide important lessons and shed light on future improvements in public service delivery strategies. Local currencies cannot single-handedly overcome the shortcomings of public budget cuts or structural issues requiring structural change. However, they provide cost-effective tools for local governments to address complex challenges in a meaningful and positive way, by valuing skills and initiatives within communities.

The project has had concrete results that can be evaluated by quantifying the delivery (and type) of waste, the use and circulation of the local currency in the local economy and the state of cleanliness of public spaces. Data on separated waste delivery is collected at each collection or exchange event.

The following figures show waste delivered by residents and forwarded to the appropriate waste management facilities by the Public Health Department of the Campolide Parish Council up to February 2017: 1.736 kg of glass, 832 kg of plastic and 397 kg of paper.

The Campolide Parish Council has also partnered with two Portuguese Universities, Lusóofona University and ISCTE, to monitor and assess the project. These institutions have been collecting a wide range of data to assess the direct impact of Pago em Lixo in waste separation, public health and the local economy. This has included the indirect impact on other social and behavioural aspects of community life in Campolide.

The study is being carried out in three phases. It began with a preparatory phase, aimed at characterising how the project functions, characterising the target population and defining the indicators to be used in the assessment tools. The second and third phases of this study include the assessment of psychosocial results of the project, using qualitative methods (interviews and observation) and quantitative methods (surveys).

Interviews have been conducted to explore expectations, motivations and attitudes towards the Pago em Lixo project. A sample of 41 residents (23 participating and 18 not participating in the scheme) with the following characteristics was selected:

The impact study is still ongoing. The next phase involves the application of surveys to 100 residents and all businesses involved in the project.

The project Pago em Lixo (Paid in Waste) was developed as a response to two major concerns: public attitudes towards the environment and recycling, and lack of resilience of local businesses.

According to the European Environmental Agency, Portugal’s material recycling rate in 2014 was 16% and is among the lowest in the EU (EEA, Municipal Waste Management, Country Fact Sheet, Portugal 2016). Portugal has witnessed a slow increase in its municipal solid waste recycling rate since 2002 and its latest recorded rate is 30%. This indicates that the country needs to intensify efforts to reach the 50% target set by the Waste Framework Directive by 2020 and the 60% target proposed by the European Commission for 2025 (EEA, Municipal Waste Management, Country Fact Sheet, Portugal 2016).

Pago em Lixo is also an instrument to combat the crisis in the local economy. Like many others across the world, Campolide’s local economy faces economic uncertainty. A once-thriving neighbourhood in Lisbon, Campolide has seen a steady decline in the number of small independent local businesses. Its two main markets, once important social and economic hubs, did not survive the advent of large retail chains. The 2008 economic crisis along with the austerity measures it triggered decreased spending and increased costs. Small independent businesses are particularly vulnerable to these economic downturns, and reduction in consumer demand places them under pressure. The repercussions of this crisis are economic as well as social, since local businesses contribute towards more cohesive and resilient communities. Local businesses develop relationships, foster involvement and provide informal networks of support for the most vulnerable in the population.

Understanding the stakes, the Campolide Parish Council sought to develop an idea, adjusted to the local needs and capable of producing a positive impact. It is an integrated approach to local needs, involving a wide breadth of actors. Pago em Lixo is a project that addresses a range of complex challenges by making available the resources and conditions necessary to incentivise residents to modify attitudes and behaviours towards the environment, while simultaneously redirecting investment to the local economy.

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